Martin Rees – Astrophysicist, Astronomer, Cosmologist

EditorLeave a comment

As part of our effort to discern the Top Numbers of Key Importance within our little universe for The Big Board-little universe Project, we have begun to study the work of Lord Sir Martin Rees of Oxford, particularly his book of the title, Just Six Numbers: The Deep Forces That Shape the Universe, 1999, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London (173 pages)

His six numbers are:

  1. N, the ratio of the strength of the electrical force to the gravitational force (reviewer, Peter Roberts, Visions.
  2. ε (epsilon)( definition of limits?)
  3. Ω (omega), measures the amount of material in the universe
  4.  λ (lambda) (?)
  5. Q,  the degree of structure in the universe
  6. D, the number of spatial dimensions, 3

Here is what Wikipedia says:

Martin Rees’s Six Numbers:

“Martin Rees, in his book Just Six Numbers, mulls over the following six dimensionless constants, whose values he deems fundamental to present-day physical theory and the known structure of the universe:

“N and ε govern the fundamental interactions of physics. The other constants (D excepted) govern the size, age, and expansion of the universe. These five constants must be estimated empirically. D, on the other hand, is necessarily a nonzero natural number and cannot be measured. Hence most physicists would not deem it a dimensionless physical constant of the sort discussed in this entry.

“Any plausible fundamental physical theory must be consistent with these six constants, and must either derive their values from the mathematics of the theory, or accept their values as empirical.”

“A long-sought goal of theoretical physics is to find first principles from which all of the fundamental dimensionless constants can be calculated and compared to the measured values.”

Steve Waterman & Michael Anthony Whitehead

Bruce CamberLeave a comment

Our effort to discern the Top Numbers of Key Importance  within our little universe for The Big Board-little universe Project  began with this work by Steve Waterman and Prof. Michael Anthony (Tony) Whitehead (Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal).

Steve and Tony got together to publish an article, Self-Consistent Field Approach To The Physical Constants: All Physical Constants Are A Function Of Pi (Π).  Though poorly received by the academic community, the article will be studied to attempt to understand their rather unique sense of numbers.

The generalized claim is that all the physical constants are derived from four math constants.  They did the work to explain this statement with 142 such constants.  Over time, every calculation and conclusion will be reviewed. Currently, our study look at their four math constants:

  1. Pi (Links go to Wikipedia when within the body of the subject)
  2. The isoperimetric quotient of a sphere
  3. Sphere packing  (CCP and NCCP)
  4. Number density

On its face, these four math constants do not seem to have enough substance to define all the better known physical constants. Yet, the Waterman-Whitehead team may have the kernel of an idea that truly opens the way to define the first 67 notations in ways that inform isotropy, homogeneity, the nature of infinity, the nature of the finite,  and the function of math constants to create the bridges to infinity and the physical constant to build bridges to physicality or space and time

Ben Duronio & Walter Hickey’s Top Ten

EditorLeave a comment

As part of our effort to discern the Top Five Numbers of Key Importance within our little universe for The Big Board-little universe Project, we have begun to study the work of these two writers for Business Insider

Ben and Walter give us their very respectable listing of their Top 10:

  1. Pi: 3.1415  Archimedes’ Constant
  2. Euler’s Number: 2.7182 also known as e
  3. The Golden Ratio: 1.6180
  4. Planck’s Constant: 6.626068×10-34 m2 kg/s
  5. Avogadro’s Constant: 6.0221515 x 1023
  6. Speed of Light: 186,282 miles per second or 299,792,458 meters per second
  7. Gravitational Constant (G): 6.67300 x 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2
  8. Boltzmann’s Constant: 1.380650 x 1023 joule per kelvin
  9. Imaginary Unit: i

  10. Euler’s Identity: e^(i*pi) = -1

David Pegg’s Top 25 Numbers

EditorLeave a comment

As part of our effort to discern the Top Numbers of Key Importance within our little universe for The Big Board-little universe Project, we studied the top 25 list of David Pegg, a reporter at The Guardian in England.

Twitter:  @davidtpegg   PGP key from MIT is here.

Of all his top 25 numbers only these are considered:

25.  Pi
Irrational, non-repeating and non-terminating number

24. Euler’s number:  2.718
Irrational, non-repeating and non-terminating number

23. Euler constant

22. Feigenbaum constant: 4.6692
Mitchell Feigenbaum in 1975

19.  0

18.  1

16. The Golden Ratio: 1.6180339887

15.  About number “5”  he says, “According to Pythagoras, the number 5 was the perfect number of human microcosm. Aristotle also added a 5th element to the 4 elements of ancient Greek studies and called it Ether, which has become the basis for most of the spiritual practices of the ancient alchemists. It also has some spiritual significance and symbolism in other cultures, including the Chinese and Japanese Buddhists. This number has also become the basis of discordianism, a jocular pseudo religion popularized by Robert Anton Wilson, which believed that everything that happens in the universe has a connection to 5 or a multiple of five.”

Bruce CamberLeave a comment

Top Ten Reasons to give up those little worldviews
for a much bigger and more inclusive UniverseView

  T  h  e   B  i  g   B  o  a  r  d   –   l  i  t  t  l  e    u  n  i  v  e  r  s  e    P r o j e c t

GreyLine

“Number 10.” The Infinite is known through continuity, number and order.  The Finite is defined by space and time.

The first principle of the Big Board-little universe is that God the Creator creates and sustains everything, everywhere, for all time, which gives our universe continuity, the necessary condition for order.

Explanation: We uncovered two of the largest continuity equations. First, we started at the smallest possible measurements of a unit of length and time. We  used base-2 exponential notation, multiplying by 2 over and over again. Using this simple math and logic, two of the most fundamental continuity equations are created within just over 201 notations or doublings from the Planck Length and Planck Time out to the Observable Universe and the Age of the Universe respectively (click here to review the chart in another tab or window). It is all very approachable and it goes right to the heart of the commonsense logic instantiated by Sir Isaac Newton’s infinite sense of space and time. Within The Big Board-little universe Project, space and time are discrete, quantized, derivative-yet-dynamic. Each has a beginning and an end. And, that changes everything.

More... And even more...

 

Please note: Links within each paragraph go to Wikipedia pages and most often open a new tab or window. Links from “More” at the end of each item, go to some of our earlier discussion within the project.

 

“Number 9!”  The Love Equation is a real equation and it is best understood  through symmetries.

Also a first principle of the Big Board-little universe, there are deep and abiding geometries that bind everything, everywhere, for all time, within those 201+ notations.  Symmetries structure everything, both the seen and the unseen.

Explanation: Help to uncover the deepest and most-compelling symmetries throughout the universe by working with just our first continuity equation, from Planck Length to the Observable Universe. In the first notation we doubled the Planck Length. Still so small, it is meaningless. Yet, when we follow scaling laws and dimensional analysis and assume the Planck Length is a vertex, we multiply by 8 so the numbers of vertices increase, 1, 8, 64, 512, 4096… Complexification occurs rather quickly. By the 20th notation, there are over a quintillion vertices with which to work. There are at least 40 doublings (or notations or groups or sets) before there is an expression of physicality within measurable space and time. A point-free geometry (Whitehead) is assumed (hypothesized, hypostatized, imputed and/or instantiated) to give structure and definition to those first 60+ notations. The only evidence of such structure is given within the homogenity and isotropy throughout our little universe (and within the supersymmetries of particle physics). Thereafter, manifestations of symmetry are actually seen throughout the universe.

More...   Even more...  And, even more...

 

“Number 8.” Harmony creates a fleeting moment of perfection that inspires us and guides us.

Harmony is also a first principle of the Big Board-little universe. All those symmetries that bind everything, now begin their movements across all time within those 201+ notations. On occasion, there are moments of perfection.

Explanation: Empower symmetries to interact with other symmetries within each notation and across notations. The old concepts related to the harmony of the spheres take on new meaning. By adding the continuity equations defined by Planck Time, symmetries have more than a form; they have a function that moves within a notation and throughout the notations, creating a momentary perfection or perfected state within space-time. Also, we begin to understand the very natural antithesis, chaos and indeterminacy, especially by looking at the most basic structures with the first 60 or so notations…

More... More to come... (pages about harmony being developed)

 

“Number 7.” We can re-engage all the mystery in  Science-Technology-Engineering-Mathematics (STEM).

Every aspect of education is touched and opened up. Our goal is to use the Big Board-little universe as a STEM resource, first within 10 high schools, then a pilot of 100, then 1000 schools…

Explanation: Help to introduce this new order of things whereby space and time are derivative of continuities and symmetries. Empower deeper insights into Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics within the Big Board-little universe construct. One of the initial aims of our Kickstarter program is to engage no less than 100 high schools to use the Big Board- little universe model to encourage STEM research. We can see and feel a burst of creativity that begins to address the old questions and opens up a huge boat of new questions.

More to come... (STEM work for schools is being tightened up now)

 

“Number 6.” Calm your soul within a Quiet Expansion of the universe.

Could the Big Bang theory be deflated by the Big Board-little universe’s Quiet Expansion (QE)? Could a QE become a source of order and inspiration within education… for the general public?

Explanation: We will build upon an article that was written in September 2014; we were thinking about the Big Bang theory while working with the chart of just the Planck Length. It seems that one could easily impute those first 60 doublings became the foundation of pervasive, unseen structural geometries that finally give rise to the physicality of particle physics. It seemed that the first 67 notations could have been a rather quiet expansion of creation.

More...

#5. You are the center of it all.

Humanity and so many facets of our human population has been marginalized by science, religious beliefs and arrogance. Within this emerging model of the universe, people are key.

Explanation: Within the 201+ notations at 100 is the human sperm cell and at 103 is the human egg. In the middle of the Planck Length doublings is the vibrancy that gives us modestly intelligent life. A molecule of water, the source of continuity within life, is just 280 picometers, within the 80th notation, has a special symmetry with so many other chemical and biological processes within the next 20 notations.  If you are the center of it all, we say, “Sit up and be sure to drink a lot of water.”

More... (new tab or window; a tour of the Planck Length chart)

#4. Your Mind is actually on the grid after all.

The brain-mind debate is centuries old. The mind has had no place to be… no place to rest. Unwelcomed and questioned, here we hypostatize its place on the grid between notations 50 and 60.

Explanation: Nothing can be measured that fits into the first 60 notations or doublings of the Planck Length, so by engaging systems philosophy, we begin to construct an ideal (the same challenge that faced Lawrence Krauss with his book, A Universe from Nothing) starting with Plato’s forms. The doublings quickly become complexity. From Forms, to Structures, to Substances, to Relations, and finally to Systems, this is an idealized structure where the Mind seems to naturally reside within Systems.

More to come... (a page about the Mind is being specially developed)

 

#3. You have choices: Small, Medium or Large.

We have obviously thrived in the Human-Scale Universe, yet we live and have our being within the 201st notation where we find the current time. Obviously there are huge intellectual challenges ahead!

Explanation: The three major divisions of the Universe — the Small Scale, the Human Scale, and the Large Scale — each has about 67 notations. As we study the chart of the five Planck base units, we can see ourselves in many places throughout it all at the same time. We hypostatize new functionality for wormholes for the mind and begin to grasp the very nature of a blackhole. To that end we now return to Hawkings’s 1975 paper, Particle Creation by Black Holes.

More...  (goes to a page of the Planck Length chart)

 

#2. You can get your act together.

We have been constrained by worldviews that ignore the larger universe and our role within it. We have been constrained by a science that has difficulty penetrating those notations below the 67th.

Explanation: An Integrated Universe View changes everything. Continuity takes its place at the centerfold. The symmetries within it capture our eye and imagination. There appears to be goodness in the universe and the place of asymmetries, indeterminacy, questions and openness, and the very nature of the self begins to thrive as a creative nexus! If only my Mom were still alive, she might just understand what motivated her to say so often to me, “You’re cruisin’ for a bruisin’.”

More...

 

#1. Religion & Science can get together again.

Our worldviews can no longer ignore the constants and universals that define and give structure to the universe and our role within it.

Explanation: Our very-young and often naïve UniverseView is a call to all religions of every flavor. We all need a touch of humility to engage the openness of those constants and universals so we can see how each is used within the sciences and how these create bridges with the metaphors and analogies within religious history. My father was an Episcopalian turned Unitarian Universalist. As we were growing up, he would often say, “You can’t legislate morality.” He was right. It is much deeper than legislation and rules. Religion is part of the very fabric of ethics, universals, and constants. Their metaphors can be richer and more robustly textured. The Universe is so simple, so marvelous, so intricate, and extraordinarily complex all at the same time, we all should celebrate every hour of every waking moment.

More...   And more...

Top Ten Reasons

Bruce CamberLeave a comment

“Number 10.” Continuity contains everything, everywhere, for all time, then goes beyond.

The first principle of The Big Board-little universe Project is that the infinite is defined by continuity, number, order, symmetry, and relations and that the finite is defined by space and time.  Here the entire universe gets blanketed with simple equations.

Explanation: Help to drag the largest continuity equation out of the closet. It starts at the smallest possible measurements of a unit of length and time. That is the Planck Length and Planck Time; and, it goes out to the Observable Universe and the Age of the Universe respectively. It is all just simple math and logic. These two continuity equations, created by multiplying by 2 (base-2 exponential notation) have just over 201 notations or doublings. It is all very approachable and it goes right to the heart of our commonsense logic, the legacy of  Sir Isaac Newton’s infinite sense of space and time. Within The Big Board-little universe Project, space and time are discrete, quantized, derivative-yet-dynamic; each has a beginning and an end. And, that changes everything.

More... And even more...
Please note: Links within each paragraph go to Wikipedia pages and most often open a new tab or window. Links from “More” at the end of each item, go to some of our earlier discussions within the project.

 

“Number 9!” Symmetries structure everything, both the seen and the unseen.

Also a first principle of the Big Board-little universe, there are deep and abiding geometries that bind everything, everywhere, for all time, within those 201+ notations.

Explanation: Help to uncover the deepest and most-compelling symmetries throughout the universe by working with just our first continuity equation, from the Planck Length to the Observable Universe. In the first notation we doubled the Planck Length. Still so small, it is thought by most to be meaningless. Yet, when we follow scaling laws and dimensional analysis and assume the Planck Length is a vertex, we multiply by 8 so the numbers of vertices increase, 1, 8, 64, 512, 4096… Complexification occurs rather quickly. By the 20th notation, there are over a quintillion vertices with which to work. There are at least 40 doublings (or notations or groups or sets) before there is an expression of physicality within measurable space and time. A point-free geometry (Whitehead) is assumed (hypothesized, hypostatized and/or instantiated) to give structure and definition to those first 60+ notations. The only evidence of such structure is given within the homogenity and isotropy throughout our little universe (and within the supersymmetries of particle physics). Thereafter, manifestations of symmetry are actually seen throughout the universe.

More...   Even more...  And, even more...

 

“Number 8.” Harmony creates a fleeting moment of perfection that inspires us and guides us.

Harmony is also a first principle of the Big Board-little universe. All those symmetries that bind everything, now begin their movements across all time (within just over 201 notations) from the first moment to the current time.

Explanation: Empower symmetries to interact with other symmetries within each notation and across notations. The old concepts related to the harmony of the spheres take on new meaning. By adding the continuity equations defined by Planck Time, symmetries have more than a form; they have a function that moves within a notation and throughout the notations, creating a momentary perfection or perfected state within space-time. Also, we begin to understand the very natural antithesis, chaos and indeterminacy, especially by looking at the most basic structures with the first 60 or so notations…

More... More to come... (pages about harmony being developed)

 

“Number 7.” You can re-engage all those mysteries in Science-Technology-Engineering-Mathematics (STEM) and start to understand it all.

Every aspect of education is touched. Our goal is to use the Big Board-little universe as a STEM resource, first within 10 high schools, then a pilot of 100, then 1000 schools…

Explanation: Everything everywhere starts simply. This new order of things where space and time are derivative of continuities and symmetries (and occasional harmonies) will empower deeper insights into fabric and applications of STEM. One of the initial aims of our attempted Kickstarter program was to engage no less than 100 high schools to use the Big Board-little universe model to re-ignite a love for science and mathematics and all their derivatives. We can see and feel a burst of creativity that begins to address the old questions and opens up a huge boat of new questions.

More to come... (STEM work for schools is being tightened up now)

 

“Number 6.” Calm your soul within a Quiet Expansion of the universe.

Could the Big Bang theory be deflated by the Big Board-little universe’s Quiet Expansion (QE)? Could a QE become a source of order and inspiration within education… for the general public?

Explanation: We will build upon an article that was written in September 2014; we were thinking about the Big Bang theory while working with the chart of just the Planck Length. It seems that one could easily impute those first 60 doublings to be the foundation of pervasive, unseen structural geometries that finally give rise to the physicality of particle physics. It seemed that the first 67 notations would have been a rather quiet expansion of creation.

More...

#5. You are the center of it all.

Humanity and so many facets of our human population has been marginalized by science, religious beliefs and arrogance. Within this emerging model of the universe, people are key.

Explanation: Within the 201+ notations at 100 is the human sperm cell and at 103 is the human egg. In the middle of the Planck Length doublings is the vibrancy that gives us modestly intelligent life. A molecule of water, the source of continuity within life, is just 280 picometers, within the 80th notation, has a special symmetry with so many other chemical and biological processes within the next 20 notations. If you are the center of it all, we say, “Sit up, and be sure to drink a lot of water.”

More... (new tab or window; a tour of the Planck Length chart)

#4. Your Mind is actually on the grid after all.

The brain-mind debate is centuries old. The mind has had no place to be… no place to rest. Unwelcomed and questioned, here we hypostatize its place on the grid between notations 50 and 60.

Explanation: Nothing can be measured by an instrument that fits into the first 60 notations or doublings of the Planck Length, so by engaging systems philosophy, we begin to construct an ideal (the same challenge that faced Lawrence Krauss with his book, A Universe from Nothing) starting with Plato’s forms. The doublings quickly become complexity. From Forms, to Structures, to Substances, to Relations, and finally to Systems, this is an idealized structure where the Mind seems to naturally reside within Systems.

More to come... (a page about the Mind is being specially developed)

 

#3. You are in three places at the same time.

We have obviously been defined in the Human-Scale Universe, yet we live and have our being within the 201st notation where we find the current time. And, just perhaps, our minds exist within a Systems construct of the universe between notation 50 and 60.

Obviously there are huge intellectual challenges ahead!

Explanation: Each of the three major divisions of the Universe — the Small Scale, the Human Scale, and the Large Scale —  has about 67 notations. As we study the chart of the five Planck base units, we can see ourselves in at least three places at the same time. We now need to determine how all three scales work coterminously to create personal identity. As a result, we hypostatize new functionalities for wormholes for the mind and the archetypal definition of human throughout the Human Scale Universe.  Hopefully, along the way we may even begin to grasp the very nature of a blackhole. To that end we now return to Hawkings’s 1975 paper, Particle Creation by Black Holes.

More...  (goes to a page of the Planck Length chart)

 

#2. You can get your act together.

We have been constrained by worldviews that ignore the larger universe and our role within it. We have been constrained by a science that has difficulty penetrating those notations below the 67th.

Explanation: An Integrated Universe View changes everything. Simplicity is the starting point. Continuity takes its place at the centerfold.  Symmetries within it capture our eye and imagination. There appears to be goodness in the universe and the place of asymmetries, indeterminacy, questions and openness, and the very nature of the self begins to thrive as a creative nexus! If only my Mom were still alive, she might just understand what motivated her to say so often to me, “You’re cruisin’ for a bruisin’.”

More...

 

#1. Religion & Science can get together again.

Our worldviews can no longer ignore the constants and universals that define and give structure to the universe and our role within it.

Explanation: Our very-young and often naïve UniverseView is a call to all religions of every flavor. We all need a touch of humility to engage the openness of those constants and universals so we can see how each is used within the sciences and how these create bridges with the metaphors and analogies within religious history. My father was an Episcopalian turned Unitarian Universalist. As we were growing up, he would often say, “You can’t legislate morality.” He was right. It is much deeper than legislation and rules. Religion is part of the very fabric of ethics, universals, and constants. Their metaphors can be richer and more robustly textured. The Universe is so simple, so marvelous, so intricate, and extraordinarily complex all at the same time, we all should celebrate every hour of every waking moment.

More...    And more...

You are invited to be involved.

Introduction

Bruce CamberLeave a comment

BruceCamber130Hi, my name is Bruce Camber and I would like to take you on a quick tour of our entire universe.

You will see everything, everywhere, throughout all time, in just 202 steps, notations, layers or domains. It is all so very simple, we’ve asked, “How could something this simple be ignored for so long?”

We thought there must be something wrong with our simple logic. Just by dividing an object in half, over and over and over again, we found the smallest possible unit of measurement of a length (the Planck Length) in just over 112 steps.

We multiplied this object by 2. Just 90 times and we were out to the largest measurement of a length (the Observable Universe). That’s a total of just over 202 steps from the smallest to the largest possible measurements in the universe.

We started this exploration back in December 2011.  When we couldn’t find it on the web, I began sending out emails to my smartest friends, “What’s wrong with this picture?”

We quickly learned of Kees Boeke’s 1957 work in a Dutch high school where they toured the Universe in just 40 quick jumps.  They had no geometry. They didn’t use those smallest and largest measurements as their container and they were multiplying by 10, just adding  zeroes.

We started with a geometry. We were multiplying and dividing by 2. Now that’s how cells divide. Our process is more natural, more lifelike, and most importantly, we get to see a much more granular universe.

Plus, those largest and smallest measurements are some of the most important numbers in science today.  They are called the Planck Base Units; they were formulated between  1899 and 1905 by Max Planck, a Nobel laureate in 1918, one of Einstein’s mentors, and the father of quantum theory.

Today, we have two primary charts.  This original from 2011 is based on the Planck Length.  It has been updated many times. And, now there is a comparative chart using all five  Planck Base Units.

Our project is to collect all our thoughts and writings from the past four years, consolidate and refine them for prime time for all the university scholars to come in to either take it apart or to attempt to incorporate it into the fabric of academic research today.

At the very least, the great physicist, Freeman Dyson, agreed with me that it would make an excellent STEM tool for our high school students to learn Science- Technology-Engineering-Mathematics.

If it challenges the Big Bang theory, so be it.  Let’s be intellectually honest and explore the most simple logic and most simple model of our universe. Called, The Big Board-little universe Project, we welcome you to join us.

Tetrahedral-Octahedral chains

Bruce CamberLeave a comment

https://bblu.org/2015/12/11/tot/  https://bblu.org/2012/12/11/tot/

You Are Warmly Invited To Become Involved.

EditorLeave a comment

BBLU5PBUThis project is bigger than the people currently working within it. To move this project into high gear, we tried doing a Kickstarter program (December 2015) to raise awareness, to build a larger team and support structure, and to initiate pilot programs in 100 high schools across the USA.

That program did not work out but it has pushed us to find ways for others to participate.

Please come in and test the waters:

  • Founding Contributor:  Write. Recommend.  Raise awareness.  Your voice is heard and you encourage the project to go forward. If you are involved with secondary education, our short term goal is to have 100 high schools adopt the program as a Science-Technology-Engineering-Mathematics (STEM) project.
  • Founding Associate:  There are many substantial projects within the larger project. The STEM Education Project will involve at least one person per school.  That could be you.  The project has been successfully tested with an Advanced Placement sixth-grade class.  It has also been used with all ages of high school students (7th-12th grades).
  • Research Associate:  There are just over 201 notations.  Each notation will require a team of experts who uniquely understand something about just one notation. We invite scholars and perpetual research students to help.

In teaching a high school geometry class, we backed into developing a teaching tool to bring students deeply within the current debates about the theory of everything. This project, however, is not a theory; it is simple math, simple logic, and an extension of the Planck Base Units.  It is a great platform from which to discuss TOEs, to engage the research at CERN in Geneva, and to probe the 2MASS Redshift Survey (2MRS) and other programs within astrophysics.

 

 

 

Of course we just may be wrong.

Bruce CamberLeave a comment

A working draft
First posted:  December 8, 2015
Most recent update: Sunday, 25 September 2016 (Yes, still in process, still being updated!)

Please note:  All links open a new tab or window.

It was inevitable. Our little Big Board-little universe model is getting rammed by the big bang theory and its illusive black holes.

In September 2014 I tested an idea: “Did a Quiet Expansion Precede the Big Bang?” There seemed to be some credible scientific questioning by respected scientists about the cosmology of the big bang theory. Also, given that academia had never wrestled with base-2 exponential notation from Planck Length and Planck Time to the Edge of the Universe and the Age of the Universe (respectively), we thought there was a possibility that the big bang cosmology was a bit upside-down. Yet, our simple challenge from our simple perspective was still quite young and admittedly naïve; we knew we would not, and could not, be a serious challenge to one of the most formidable theories in science. But then on November 26, 2015, an article in AAAS Science magazine (DOI: 10.1126/science.aad1182) raised fascinating questions within black hole physics; it has become entirely obvious to go forward with the Big Board – little universe model, we must engage the entire history of big bang cosmology and ultimately every related facet within its astrophysics. It is such a daunting task, one would be inclined to give up quickly. But, logic is logic; simplicity is simplicity. We’ll take it one slow step at a time.

Nevertheless, we just may be wrong. Let me review our work a little more.

Using our very simple logic, simple mathematics (power of two) and the Planck base units, we developed our first charts with somewhere just over 202 notations. Our emphasis had been on just the Planck Length. Rather sweetly, that first chart had placed humanity in the center of the 202+ notations. In December 2014, we plotted Planck Time side-by-side with the Planck Length and followed it out to 13.78 to 13.81 billion years. Now our charts logically included everything, everywhere, throughout all time. Yet, our known universe and the entire history of humanity were all within notation 202 (possibly including a bit of 201). Human life and history are barely a speck within those 13.78+ billion years of this universe. Though the Planck Time chart offered many new insights and raised some hard questions, in February 2015, with the addition of the other three Planck base units, mass – charge – temperature, even more difficult questions were raised.

The placement of Planck Temperature was such a key question. Does it begin simply or does it begin with a bang, a full bore, the hottest of the hot?  And, if it starts with the other Planck numbers, does it continue to double from there?  The universe is getting warmer, but not quite that warm!  And, of course, the opposite makes no logical sense; the universe is not getting cooler. So, we wonder, “Maybe our progression is a straw man. Maybe it should be ignored.”

As we studied the progression of the others, we asked “Is there any inherent logic anywhere?” [A later analysis seems to suggest there is.]

The first number that provides us with a commonsense experience is Planck Mass. At the 31st notation we see that the total mass of the universe is now up to 103 pounds or 46.702 kilograms.  With the other units so small, there does appear to be a certain simple logic to it all. At the 67th notation, with the first instances of physicality, the weight of the universe is now over 3.21196×1012 kg (or 7.08115968×1012 pounds). Yes, and there is a certain logic to that, too.

The temperature scale is the key. We know there is order in the universe. Yet, the Planck Temperature makes it a special challenge. Some scientists claim if we were to start it with the other Planck base units, it is already hotter than the sum total of the universe. So, we reversed-order its progression. While the other Planck base units are doubling from the bottom up, the Planck Temperature started at notation 202 and is divided-by-2 from the top down.  It just so happens between notations 104 and 103, very much within the primary human scale, the temperature is 310K which is 98.33°F or 36.85° C.

The logic within the time column suggests that the history of discussions about a variable speed of light could be reviewed in light of this model of the universe.  Though most of the figures within the column can not be tested, there may be logical constructs that could suggest something about the overall cogency of the model.

That AAAS Science magazine article, placed within the context of the list of unsolved problems in physics and mathematics, posses a challenge to us, yet certainly no more than those larger lists of unsolved problems.

We’ll stop here for awhile to see what holds water.

Thank you.  -Bruce Camber